This is the first day of direct instruction about bonding; students have read applicable chapter in their textbook. First step in discussing bonding is to discuss what is happening on the molecular level with electrons. Beginning with the octet rule and Lewis dot structures will give students tools to check themselves for accuracy when they begin to explore ionic and covalent bonds. The Lewis dot structures help students see how many lone valence electrons each atom has and how many bonds it can therefore form. The needs of all learners will be accommodated and met through the following items:
A list of the days' activities will be posted on the board prior to students arriving in class.
The list of the days' activities will be reviewed orally with the students at the start of class.
Information and instructions are presented orally and in writing.
Students are provided multiple opportunities to work in small groups.
Students will be heterogeneously paired/grouped for all group work.
Multiple activities are planned for the day, allowing students opportunities to move around the room.
Objective
Students will be able to define the octet rule.
Students will be able to draw correct Lewis dot structures:
Students will use octet rule to draw correct number of valence electrons
Students will distribute electrons correctly in structures
Students will be able to draw correct Lewis structures for single elements
Students will be able to draw correct Lewis structures for ions
Students will be able to draw correct Lewis structures for molecules
Materials
Periodic Table of elements (located in student planners, textbook, and several posted throughout room)
Worksheet:
Admit Quiz on reading & prior knowledge (written on board) (5 Min)
1. What are the first two electron orbitals named?
2. How many electrons can possibly be in the valence shell?
So, can anyone tell me why bonding is an important topic of chemistry?
What would happen if bonding didn't occur? (wait for answers) Would we be here today? (wait for answers) Why?
We are starting our unit on bonding with the octet rule because it is the most basic "rule" to describe bonding. Like most other rules in science, there are always exceptions to the octet rule, and the octet rule is not the driving force behind all bonds, but for the purposes of the types of bonding we will discuss in class, ionic and covalent bonding, the octet rule is a good way to check your work when determining what atoms and molecules will bond and how.
What does "octet" mean? (5 Min)
Made up of two parts: "oct-" and "-et"
What words do we know with "oct-"? (looking for octagon, octopus, etc)
What do these things have in common (8)
"-et" in this sense is using the second definition, which means a grouping. A common example of this is a "Du-et" What does duet mean? (looking for 2 people, group of 2, etc)
So octet means a grouping of 8
So what group of 8 does the octet rule refer to? (electrons)
Today we are going to cover the octet rule, which can be shown by drawing Lewis Dot Structures. For the first half of the class we will work on how to draw Lewis Dot structures for several atoms and molecules. After about 25 minutes we are going to get into groups to do a "jigsaw" style activity. Each group will be given a topic to research and make a poster presentation about. The presentations will be done tomorrow in class.
Learning Activities
How to draw Lewis Dot Structures (25 Minutes total)
Demonstrate Lewis Dot Structures (15 Min)
Hydrogen, Carbon, Sodium, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Sodium Chloride, Water, Cyanide, Hydrogen Cyanide
Lewis Dot/Octet Worksheet in pairs -- 10 Minutes
OK, now that we are comfortable drawing the Lewis Dot structures and identifying the electrons involved for various elements, we are going to break into groups for further study on bonding. Each group will be responsible for becoming experts on one subtopic of bonding. Your group will need to create a poster to explain the subtopic to the rest of the class. You will be using what we have learned about the octet rule and drawing the Lewis Dot structures to help explain the topic you receive.
Each group will need to give a 5 minute presentation to the class but that does not mean that each group member must have a speaking part. You will need to work with your group to assign roles and everyone will be graded on what they contribute to the project. This is your chance to get creative and play to your strengths. Everyone will be graded individually on their contribution as well as the group on the presentation as a whole.
You want your presentation to be good because the rest of your classmates are depending on your presentation to learn your subtopic. You want your classmates presentations to be good because you need them to teach you about their subtopics. You all will be responsible for knowing and understanding the topics given to each group, so make it count. You need to be prepared to answer questions that your classmates may have for you after your presentation. We are going to work on these projects for 25 minutes, but after 20 minutes, I will announce that we have 5 minutes remaining and I encourage you to wrap up your work and rehearse your presentation at this time.
I am going to write the poster requirements on the board, each poster must contain each section.
Visual needs: (write these requirements on the board)
1 .title,
2. definition,
3. any rules,
4. specific examples,
5. a Lewis Dot structure demonstrating the topic covered,
6. interesting or common/everyday occurrence --be prepared to explain your choice
Bonding Mastery: (25 Min)
Have students count off by 6 and assemble in groups corresponding to their number.
Give each group a large sheet of post-it paper, a box of markers & a textbook.
Each group needs to master their topic. Using the textbook create a short presentation to give to the class on the topic utilizing their post-it as a visual for their presentation.
Have each group explore one of following topics: Ionic Bonds & Compounds, Cations, Anions (mono & poly), Covalent Bonds & Compounds, Binary Compounds, Multiple Bonds
Call class to order, remind students of the need to master topic, direct their attention to the poster requirements written on the board.
Visual needs title, definition, any rules, specific examples, a Lewis Dot structure demonstrating the topic covered, interesting or common/everyday occurrences. (write these requirements on the board)
Work for 25 minutes.
Announce that students have 5 minutes left to work and suggest that they rehearse their presentations during this time.
Stop, clean up, hang post-its around room.
Any groups who need additional time can have 5 minutes at the start of next class.
Closing
What rule did we learn today? Can you define it?
Why do we use Lewis Dot structures in chemistry?
How many electrons are involved in each bond?
Groups, be ready to teach the class about your topic tomorrow!
Unit: Bonding & Naming
Title: 8 Is Enough!
Lesson Overview
This is the first day of direct instruction about bonding; students have read applicable chapter in their textbook. First step in discussing bonding is to discuss what is happening on the molecular level with electrons. Beginning with the octet rule and Lewis dot structures will give students tools to check themselves for accuracy when they begin to explore ionic and covalent bonds. The Lewis dot structures help students see how many lone valence electrons each atom has and how many bonds it can therefore form.The needs of all learners will be accommodated and met through the following items:
Objective
Materials
Periodic Table of elements (located in student planners, textbook, and several posted throughout room)Worksheet:
Large Post-it sheets -- 6-10 sheets
Markers -- 6 boxes
textbooks
Group Presentation Rubric
Links to Resources
Safety Issues
noneInstruction
Opening
Admit Quiz on reading & prior knowledge (written on board) (5 Min)1. What are the first two electron orbitals named?
2. How many electrons can possibly be in the valence shell?
So, can anyone tell me why bonding is an important topic of chemistry?
What would happen if bonding didn't occur? (wait for answers) Would we be here today? (wait for answers) Why?
We are starting our unit on bonding with the octet rule because it is the most basic "rule" to describe bonding. Like most other rules in science, there are always exceptions to the octet rule, and the octet rule is not the driving force behind all bonds, but for the purposes of the types of bonding we will discuss in class, ionic and covalent bonding, the octet rule is a good way to check your work when determining what atoms and molecules will bond and how.
Learning Activities
How to draw Lewis Dot Structures (25 Minutes total)OK, now that we are comfortable drawing the Lewis Dot structures and identifying the electrons involved for various elements, we are going to break into groups for further study on bonding. Each group will be responsible for becoming experts on one subtopic of bonding. Your group will need to create a poster to explain the subtopic to the rest of the class. You will be using what we have learned about the octet rule and drawing the Lewis Dot structures to help explain the topic you receive.
Each group will need to give a 5 minute presentation to the class but that does not mean that each group member must have a speaking part. You will need to work with your group to assign roles and everyone will be graded on what they contribute to the project. This is your chance to get creative and play to your strengths. Everyone will be graded individually on their contribution as well as the group on the presentation as a whole.
You want your presentation to be good because the rest of your classmates are depending on your presentation to learn your subtopic. You want your classmates presentations to be good because you need them to teach you about their subtopics. You all will be responsible for knowing and understanding the topics given to each group, so make it count. You need to be prepared to answer questions that your classmates may have for you after your presentation. We are going to work on these projects for 25 minutes, but after 20 minutes, I will announce that we have 5 minutes remaining and I encourage you to wrap up your work and rehearse your presentation at this time.
I am going to write the poster requirements on the board, each poster must contain each section.
Visual needs: (write these requirements on the board)
1 .title,
2. definition,
3. any rules,
4. specific examples,
5. a Lewis Dot structure demonstrating the topic covered,
6. interesting or common/everyday occurrence --be prepared to explain your choice
Bonding Mastery: (25 Min)
Have students count off by 6 and assemble in groups corresponding to their number.
Give each group a large sheet of post-it paper, a box of markers & a textbook.
Each group needs to master their topic. Using the textbook create a short presentation to give to the class on the topic utilizing their post-it as a visual for their presentation.
Have each group explore one of following topics: Ionic Bonds & Compounds, Cations, Anions (mono & poly), Covalent Bonds & Compounds, Binary Compounds, Multiple Bonds
Call class to order, remind students of the need to master topic, direct their attention to the poster requirements written on the board.
Visual needs title, definition, any rules, specific examples, a Lewis Dot structure demonstrating the topic covered, interesting or common/everyday occurrences. (write these requirements on the board)
Work for 25 minutes.
Announce that students have 5 minutes left to work and suggest that they rehearse their presentations during this time.
Stop, clean up, hang post-its around room.
Any groups who need additional time can have 5 minutes at the start of next class.
Closing
Assessment
Admit SlipLewis Dot Worksheet
Homework
Remainder of Lewis Dot Structure WorksheetAdditional Notes